Periphrastic perfect





Periphrastic perfect




Is formed by attaching the
suffix -am to
the verb's root (roots bhi-,
hri-,
bhr-,
hu- are first reduplicated) and then adding perfect forms of these
verbs:

as- ("to be"; asa).

kr-
("to do"; cakre or cakara),

bhu-
("to be"; babhuva),


 that is, these
forms:

 



Verb "to be" (as-,
perfect parasmaipada):

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



asa



asiva



asima





2.



asitha



asathuh



asa





3.



asa



asatuh



asuh




 



Verb "to do" (kr-,
perfect parasmaipada):

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



cakara



cakrva



cakrma





2.



cakartha



cakrathuh



cakra





3.



cakara



cakratuh



cakruh




 



Verb "to do" (kr-,
perfect atmanepada):

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



cakre



cakrvahe



cakrmahe





2.



cakrse



cakrathe



cakrdhve





3.



cakre



cakrate



cakrire




 



Verb "to be" (bhu-,
perfect parasmaipada):

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



babhuva



babhuviva



babhuvima





2.



babhuvitha 



babhuvathuh



babhuva





3.



babhuva



babhuvatuh



babhuvuh




 


 Examples:

 



Verb "to lead" (ni-),
parasmaipada:

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



nayayamasa



nayayamasiva



nayayamasima





2.



nayayamasitha



nayayamasathuh



nayayamasa





3.



nayayamasa



nayayamasatuh



nayayamasuh




 



Verb "to speak" (vac-),
parasmaipada:

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



vacayajcakara



vacayajcakrva



vacayajcakrma





2.



vacayajcakartha



vacayajcakrathuh



vacayajcakra





3.



vacayajcakara



vacayajcakratuh



vacayajcakruh




 



Verb "to unite" (yuj-),
atmanepada:

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



yojayajcakre



yojayajcakrvahe



yojayajcakrmahe





2.



yojayajcakrse



yojayajcakrathe



yojayajcakrdhve





3.



yojayajcakre



yojayajcakrate



yojayajcakrire




 



Verb "to carry" (bhr-),
parasmaipada:

 




 



Sg.



Du.



Pl.





1.



bibharajbabhuva



bibharajbabhuviva



bibharajbabhuvima





2.



bibharajbabhuvitha



bibharajbabhuvathuh



bibharajbabhuva





3.



bibharajbabhuva



bibharajbabhuvatuh



bibharajbabhuvuh