CELTIC WORKSHOP 3 CELTIC FESTIVALS This an edited transcript of the Third Celtic Workshop presented by Searles O'Dubhain. The topic for the evening was scheduled to be the Major Celtic yearly festivals and their hidden meanings. Oghams were used to attempt to discovery the magick and Mystery within each festival. (2-1,Freepowder) Dia duit (2-11,O'Dubhain) Dia Dhuit! (2-1,Freepowder) Hi KEN (2-11,O'Dubhain) Welcome Kenneth 23!! (2-1,Freepowder) Hi Nan! (2-11,O'Dubhain) Hiya Nan! (2-1,Freepowder) Hi bianca (2-9,Bianca) O'Dub, Wren will join us later (2-11,O'Dubhain) Tonight we are going to do a Workshop. (2-29,Nan) 'lo all :) (2-26,Wren) Hi, guys (2-2,STUART NICHOLSON) Hi, are you there bianca (2-11,O'Dubhain) Dia dhuit Wren! Yo Stuart! (2-1,Freepowder) too bad CIM doesn't have macro's F10=HI (2-9,Bianca) hi stuart (2-17,Kenneth 23)Freepowder> An bhfuil Gaelige agat? (2-17,Kenneth 23)Hi all! (2-1,Freepowder) K> no, I think, (2-11,O'Dubhain) Ta', beaga'inin! (2-29,Nan) what's the topic tonight? (2-11,O'Dubhain) Tonight we are going to discuss the major Celtic festivals (2-1,Freepowder) ever try to learn gaelic in Las Vegas? craps yes, but gaelic? (2-17,Kenneth 23):) (2-2,STUART NICHOLSON) Bianca are you still there? (2-17,Kenneth 23)What? You mean there's a "Luxor," and "Aladdin," but no "Tara"?!? (2-11,O'Dubhain) Anyaway I'm the presenter here and everone should listen up while I do my pitch! We are going into formal CO mode. What will follow is a discussion of Celtic Festivals and their meanings. (At this point I lost my telephone connection and had to log back in.) (2-29,Nan) must've gotten dumped (2-7,O'Dubhain) Sorry got knocked off line! (2-1,Freepowder)He falls off occasionally, whiskey I think (2-17,Kenneth 23)O'Dubhain...I thought a renegade god ate you. (2-7,O'Dubhain) hahahaha! (2-2,STUART NICHOLSON) hello... (2-7,O'Dubhain) Nope a phone call from a damsel in distress! (2-26,Wren) He's baaaack! (2-7,O'Dubhain) hahahaha ken! (2-17,Kenneth 23):) Well a worthy cause, at least (2-1,Freepowder)too much of the creatur? (2-7,O'Dubhain) I'm back and let's get going before Mercury goes RX (2-29,Nan) can/did you turn off your call waiting O'D? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Now as I was saying I'll present then we discuss use a ? or a ! to ask a question or request time to make a remark. (2-30,Jehana Silverwing) hiya, can't stay for long. (2-30,Jehana Silverwing) but bianca said hi, so here I am *g*. (2-7,O'Dubhain) Hi Jehana here we go: (2-30,Jehana Silverwing) hello odubh... (2-9,Bianca) hi pietra (2-9,Bianca) hi jehana (2-7,O'Dubhain) The Celts celebrated 8 major festivals during the year. Four of these festivals are associated with the Sun and four are tied to the phases of the Moon. I will briefly discuss the Lunar or Fire Festivals first. The Celtic year is divided into halves marked by the two great fire festivals of Samhain and Beltane. The period from Samhain to Beltain is(2-9,Bianca) sid and mindy called "an Ghrian beag" or the "lessor Sun". The period from Beltain to Samhain is called "an Ghrian mor" or the "greater Sun". The year is further subdivided by the other two yearly fire festivals of Imbolc and Lughnesadh.All of the fire festivals are celebrated at night and are held during the Full Moon. They are primarily concerned with agriculture, nature, pasturing and livestock. (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Samhain is the begining of the Celtic year and marks the time of the Cailleach and the begining of Winter. The doors of the Sidhe are opened on this night and the veil between the Worlds is thinnest. This is the night that Druids offered sacrifices (usually the excess cattle that would form the basis of the Winter's meat stores). This is the time that the Ancestors walk the Earth once more and cross the thin veil to visit with the living. Samhain is associated with the province of Munster and the fortress of Tlachtga. Beltane marks the begining of Summer and is dedicated to the "Shining One:" or Bel. Two large bonfires were ignited and cattle were driven between the fires and into the fields for Summer pasturing. This was also done to purify them from their long Winter confinement. Men and women were known to leap through the flames for purification at these fire festivals. Usually the men first then the women (and after the flames had diminished!). This night is the time when the Sidhe walk the land and mortals must overcome their Otherworldly enchantments and temptations. Beltane was the time when divorces were granted in Ireland as well as a night of release from the Winter. This festival was associated with the province of Connacht and the fortress of Uisneach. In ancient Ireland an additional two fire festivals were celebrated: Lughnasadh and the feast of Tara (celebrated every 3 years). Lughnasadh was the time of the first harvest and a time of games and competitions. It is associated with the Goddess of Sovereignty. The God Lugh held this festival to celibrate the efforts of his fostermother Tailtiu to clear the fields of Ireland for planting. It was also the time when couples could enter into a "trial marriage" known as a Brehon wedding. The couple would clasp hands and thrust them through a circular opening in a special stone, while announcing to the Brehons (judges and lawyers) that they intended to live together for a one year trial period. Either party could break the marriage by a public announcement during the feast of Beltane. This festival lasted for a month! The feast of Tara was held every three years to distribute laws and gather records. An additional festival was added later. This is Imbolc and was held in Leinster to celebrate the Goddess Brigit. This festival marks the ending of Winter's grip and the passing of the influence of the Crone or Cailleach to the Maiden of Spring. It is the time of the first lambs and of new beginings. Brigit's sacred flame was tended in Leinster in a sacred center for female Druids. This festival was usually one of the home and the hearth and was usually presided over by the female head of the house. The Sun festivals are MidWinter and MidSummer Solstices as well as the Spring and Vernal Equinoxes. These festivals mark periods of greatest imbalance between the Sun and the Moon as well as the periods of greatest balance. Not much is known about how these Sun festivals were celebrated by the Celts, if at all. One source I've read claims they are evidence of Anglo-Saxon influences on later Celtic life and practice. Most authors state that only the lunar festivals were publicly celebrated (at least by the Irish). Perhaps the Druids used the Solar days for Magick and Divination. I am still researching these celebrations and am not prepared to discuss them in detail this evening. (2-7,O'Dubhain) Perhaps we should discuss the previous presentation before we get to the Magickal meaning of the Lunar festivals? FP>ga (2-1,Freepowder)you answered it (2-7,O'Dubhain) Ok I know this was a long spiel but now we can discuss it. The following pieces are much shorter with more room for discussion (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>ga (2-29,Nan) ? (2-1,Freepowder)the festivals I have herard of samhain etc. are solar? (2-1,Freepowder)but not agreed upon? (2-7,O'Dubhain) The Solar festivals are not really ancient Celtic public festivals. (2-1,Freepowder)GA (2-3,Pietra) ! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Samhain is a lunar festival. But More research must be done on the Solar festivals. ga FP (2-17,Kenneth 23)Are the Solar festivals mentioned at all in Greek or Roman chronicles as Celtic festival days? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth >Will get to that question in a minute. Fp>done? (2-1,Freepowder)GA (2-7,O'Dubhain) Nan>ga (2-29,Nan) two questions, how are the lunar holidays determined (dates) and what is the connection of (2-29,Nan) the Sidhe with Beltane? (2-29,Nan) ga (2-7,O'Dubhain) Nan>I'll answer those in the following presentation. Pietra>ga ok (2-3,Pietra) didn't the people also jump the bonfires? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>Yes they did. And sometimes they were sacrificed in them But that was very long ago. The Human sacrifice was replaced by animal and agricultural sacrifices. Kenneth>The Romans influenced the Britains and also the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons This is where the Sun festivals come from although they could have been Druid ceremonies closed to the public. Kenneth>ga (2-17,Kenneth 23)Hmmm...I see. So as far as readily evident public festival information goes, (2-17,Kenneth 23)the Solar festivals are recent -- at least in the sense of "post-Roman?" (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Yes I believe so. These festivals are part of the Wiccan year. Because Wicca embraces soo many diff backgrounds and deities. anyway I'm going to talk a little about the Magickal significance of these holidays and festivals now. We will use the Oghams from Fionn's Wheel to get an inkling of what was really going on during these festivals. Any other questions before I start? ok From the "Crane Bag" of Mannanan mac Lyr The Festival of Imbolc (First Full Moon in Aquarius) The Feast of the Goddess Brigit. Ogham Symbol "EA": Koad or Eadha the Sacred Grove Death (Tarot). Unity of the Eight Festivals of the Year. The Wheel of the Year. forty shades of green. Interpretation and Meanings: This is the festival of new beginings. This is the time when most new life came forth (first shoots of spring, lambs and the childern that were sired at Beltain). A celebration of the Triple Goddess, showing the passage of winter and the advent of summer. The Time of the Maiden who bridges the gap from the Dark Queen of the UnderWorld to the Red Mother of Life and Plenty. The Mystery here is the unity of Death and Life through the Promise of the rebirth of the Green World as represen- ted by Brigit, the Maiden of the hearth, the home, poets and the forge. Imbolc is the time of divination, augury and seeking of new directions for the year. I believe that Imbolc is a carry over from an earlier Goddess religion in Ireland. Discussion or questions anyone? (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>ga (2-1,Freepowder)Brigit did poets, who did musicians? (2-1,Freepowder)GA (2-7,O'Dubhain) Well the Dagdha played a mean harp. And Lugh was multi-talented. (2-1,Freepowder)LOL (2-1,Freepowder)no "patron saint" of musicians? (2-1,Freepowder)GA (2-7,O'Dubhain) Well Taliesin was the king of Bards And was the greatest of musicians as well. So he would be your God of Musicians. (2-1,Freepowder)he was welsh! Amergin maybe? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Amergin was also a great bard. He seems to be Taliesin's counterpart. Ok on to Betaine! From the "Crane Bag" of Mannanan mac Lyr The Festival of Beltain (First Full Moon after the Hawthorne's bloom) The Feast of Bel and the twin bonfires. Ogham Symbol "OI": Oir Spi'ona'n Eirinen Fair. Childbirth. The Spindle of the Wheel. White or Red. Interpretation and Meanings: This is the festival of life. On this day, the sacred fires were lit on the hill of Tara. Fires were lit on hills across Ireland when the signal fire was observed until the land was surrounded in a circle of fire. Beltain marks the begining of summer when the land is filled with plenty. This a time when the ways between the worlds are open and the Sidhe are most likely to grant gifts to those who seek them early in the morning. It is also a time that is central to the entire cycle of agriculture. It is now when the promise of spring is fulfilled. The Maypole symbolises the fertility rites of this festival. Strange that the red and white streamers of the Maypole should remind us of the DNA Helix of Life. Life is the Spindle and Love is the weave. In Ireland the people dance around a burning bush in a "serpent" dance. Beltaine is the time of our maturity and the fulfillment of desires. Questions or should I go on? (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>ga (2-1,Freepowder)Bel was the god of the dead?... (2-1,Freepowder)and this was a festival of life? GA (2-1,Freepowder) Ok (2-7,O'Dubhain) There is controversy over whether Belenus is really the God for whom this festival is named. But Belenus, Bael, Bile and Beil are all names associted with this festival. Some of theses are Sun Gods eg "Shining Ones" Irish sources say this that Beltaine really means Great Fires! (2-29,Nan) ? Nan>ga (2-5,JUAN) HELLO EVERYBODY (2-7,O'Dubhain) Juan Standby please Co in progress (2-29,Nan) what if there's no Hawthorn around? how do you know when this festival is? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Nan>It's commonly called May Day in Western Europe. That's May 1 or the closet Full Moon to May 1. (2-29,Nan) ok (2-7,O'Dubhain) That's the first full moon in Taurus. (2-17,Kenneth 23)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>ga (2-17,Kenneth 23)Beltane seems to be characterized by masculine symbols -- was it a special day for men, such as entrance to manhood festivals, or such? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>It was a day of festivities for both men and women It's also associated with the first Battle of Moytura. Women and men both fought in that battle. (2-17,Kenneth 23) Was there any particular ascent to adulthood ritual in Celtic festivities? (2-17,Kenneth 23)I see... (2-7,O'Dubhain) All the festivals were used as rites of initiation since this was a time of gathering of the clans. many times a boy would be initiated by graduating from warrior training or bardic training he could then demonstrate his prowess. (2-17,Kenneth 23)Ah...I see. So anything involving community could be done on those days (including Bhar Mitzvas :D)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Something like that! and also lots of games and competitions. (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pressing on here From the "Crane Bag" of Mannanan mac Lyr The Festival of Lughnasadh (First Full Moon in Leo) The Feast of the God Lugh. Ogham Symbol "UI": Uinllean Fea' Ffawyddean Beech or Phagos. Chieftain. Magickal Hardness and Resistance. Ancient Wisdom as a foundation. Tawny or light roebuck. Interpretation and Meanings: This festival is linked to many ancient practices in Ireland. Contracts, marriages and other binding agreements were made on this day. This is the day of the Marriage of Lugh. It is also the day when the performance of the clan chiefs was evaluated and perhaps a new chief was chosen. This is the time of the great horse fair and fittingly enough the marriage of the King to the land. This could sometimes involve a ritual whereby the new king was symbollically mated with a horse, Symbolizing the Goddess of Sovereignty. The first harvest had already been reaped. Ogham Symbol "IO": Pethbol Guelder Rose The step into the Inner Mysteries. Pink or Pale. The dance of life. The Crane Dance. Interpretation and Meanings: Since this festival is linked to the young god Lugh that replaces the older god Nuada, it is also linked to the mysteries as Lugh is "Samil- danach" or "multi-talented". It is very possible that a series of examinations was given to Druidic students on this day, corresponding to the series of tests that Lugh had to pass in competitions with the other Gods before he was admitted to their company. One such contest is in the throwing of stones or chariot wheels that occurred during the weeks of this fair. Another is the playing of board games at this time such as "fidchell", a game played with wooden pieces (possibly Oghams) and similar we are told to chess. My own opinion is that it was a kind of divination. The point here being that just as Lugh proved himself worthy to join the company of the Gods by being "Samildanach", so I interpret this symbol to imply that new Druids were admitted to the inner mysteries and Circles by passing their tests during this festival. (2-7,O'Dubhain) Questions? (2-17,Kenneth 23)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth!>ga (2-17,Kenneth 23)Sorry...just one little thing I've always wondered -- Fidchell, and games like it in other celtic groups, are mentioned frequently in literature and legend. Are there any surviving fidchell sets? How is information known about the game? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Not much is known about the game. No sets survive but it must have been something! Everyone was playing it! more? ga (2-17,Kenneth 23)No...that's all, thanks! (2-1,Freepowder)O'D? GA (2-7,O'Dubhain) ok From the "Crane Bag" of Mannanan mac Lyr The Festival of Samhain (First Full Moon in Scorpio) Ogham Symbol "AE": Amancholl, Mor, Xi, Pe'ine, The Scotch Pine. Shower of the Way. Marker of the Ley Lines. Bringer of Illumination. The Container of Wisdom, The Sacred Pine Cone, Buarci'n. Spirit. The Sea. Green or Black. Interpretation and Meanings: There are many meanings to this symbol. The first is the Sea representing the darkest depths and also the source of all life. The mystery here is that as life ends, so it begins in the same place and from the same source, the Sea (or Otherworld for which it is a symbol). This celebration honored the Night of the Dead, when the ancestors walked the Earth once more and the ancient knowledge could be re-acquired. It also celebrated the mating of the Dagdha with the Morrigan, the Queen of Death and Darkness, the Washer at the Ford. She gives the Dagdha the advice to assemble the Aes Dana or skilled ones and to advance upon the Fomorians at Maige Turedh. The Goddess of War then goes to kill the King of the Fomorians (Indech mac De Domnann) in his tent at Scetne. The Second Battle of Maige Turedh (Moytura) is won by the De Danaans on Samhain. I interpret this story of the Dagdha (The All Father)with the Goddess of Darkness (The Triple Morrigan) to mean that the will of the One was united in the Power of Dark and Light to be used during this "gray time" of twilight. The Spiritual aspects overcome the Mental and Physical aspects (the Fomorians and the Firbolgs, defeated in the first Battle of Maige Turedh) to claim the Land and ALL that is. The victory of the Spirit assures us that the Wheel will turn eternally and that the three aspects of humanity are forged together through the two battles of Maige Turedh. Please read Steve Blamires's excellent interpretations in his work "The Irish Celtic Magical Tradition". This last marriage of the Dagdha and Morrigan also represents the mystery of life from death. I believe that to be the Ultimate Mystery of Druidism or any other religion. (2-7,O'Dubhain) questions? (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Fp>ga (2-1,Freepowder)did the Irish believe in reincarnation? GA (2-7,O'Dubhain) Yes they did. They believed that when you were re-incarnated, it would hold true to the bloodlines. Like maybe you are your great grandfather or grand mother re-incarnated! (2-1,Freepowder)not "karmic" then? (2-7,O'Dubhain) Not a great deal of karma there. They did hold each accountable for their life's actions. (2-1,Freepowder)what about if you are adopted? (2-7,O'Dubhain) he Irish also believed in "fosterage" so that you became "blood brothers". So I suppose you could re-incarnate in someone else that way! (2-1,Freepowder)LOL (2-7,O'Dubhain) yep. More questions or What shall we discuss next time? (2-1,Freepowder)? (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>ga you devil! (2-1,Freepowder)was the Morrigan just death and destruction ... (2-1,Freepowder)or had she redeeming qualitys? (2-2,Pietra) celtic Music (lol) (2-7,O'Dubhain) HAhahaha! She might have played the bones perhaps! (2-1,Freepowder)ROFL! (2-2,Pietra) ! (2-7,O'Dubhain) The Morrigan was also the patroness of Magick and WItches! Pietra>ga (2-2,Pietra) got another Cd for you Great fire away I declare the Workshop ended! Thanks for coming you diehards! (2-29,Nan) thanks O'D! great info see ya next week......if i can rent a 'puter on the road, sigh (2-1,Freepowder)good job, as usual! Next time? (2-17,Kenneth 23) Thanks for the presentation! I'm glad I had the recording option on! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Ta failte romhat!(you're welcome) I will post it in the library in the next few days. (2-29,Nan) what's next week's subject? (2-2,Pietra) Amam by the Clannad produced by cbs records even has (2-2,Pietra) the lyrics in Gaelic printed (2-1,Freepowder)P> ever listen to planxty or de dannan? (2-7,O'Dubhain) I might touch on Sun festivals and stone circles as well as passage graves and the Underworld. (2-17,Kenneth 23)Has human sacrifice been done as a workshop topic? Esp. symbolic/actual sacrifice of rulers? (2-29,Nan) bye all, see ya later (2-2,Pietra) Free>no who does it? (2-17,Kenneth 23)Bye Nan! (2-1,Freepowder)Slan leat Nan (2-1,Freepowder)P> that's the name of the groups (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Not yet. Slan Nan! (2-2,Pietra) Free>oops (2-17,Kenneth 23)That might be a fun topic. Well, fun for us, not for whoever got sacrificed... (2-1,Freepowder)P> older more traditional than Clannad... (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>It'll take some research to dig out the details like the Wicker man and other good stuff. (2-2,Pietra) free> I'm nagging O'Dubh into buying Celtic Odyssey and (2-2,Pietra) then he'll thank me (2-1,Freepowder)Enya was IN clannad before she went solo, (useless trivia) (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Like torturing a volunteer to death to do a divination. (2-2,Pietra) free> it's traditional too (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>I'm going for it just haven't found it yet. (2-17,Kenneth 23)Enya is part of the Dunnan family, which is most of Clannad. (2-1,Freepowder)Music in magick & vice versa, do that O'D! (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>Great idea!! (2-17,Kenneth 23)I was lucky enough to see Clannad in concert last year! (2-7,O'Dubhain) (2-2,Pietra) O'Dubh bbi griosghrua garth 'aicr' (2-1,Freepowder)P> try the chieftains too. (2-2,Pietra) ok thanks free (2-17,Kenneth 23)O'D> I would be more than willing to assist in research regarding sacrifice, if possible. (2-2,Pietra) Kenneth >yep says so right here! (in my phamplet) (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Thanks I'll try outlining wwhat i need in a post to you. (2-1,Freepowder)P> & the Bothy boys if you like acordian ... or was that Boys of the Lough...hmmm (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>What is that something about being glad I'm so sunny when you're near me? (2-2,Pietra) kenneth > Enya is solo now (2-17,Kenneth 23)There was a concert w/ the Chieftains and many famous country/western singers, including Willie Nelsen, Alabama, and others, which (2-17,Kenneth 23)showed Country music's Celtic roots. (2-17,Kenneth 23)p > I know, and I'm sick of waiting for her next album to come out! (G) (2-2,Pietra) Thanks I wondered what it meant O'Dubh (2-17,Kenneth 23)it's been a couple years! (2-7,O'Dubhain) (2-1,Freepowder)Clancy's are Waaaay Coool! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>Are you sure about the spelling? (2-2,Pietra) O'Dubh > I only tease the people I like Now you're definitly (2-2,Pietra) on the way to Clancy's (2-1,Freepowder)been teaching my Boy Scouts their Irish drinking songs, will get me in trouble one of these days! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>I'll work out the translation later. FP>Yep Tom Clancy owns the place. What are those scouts adrinkin FP? (2-2,Pietra) bhi griosghura garth' aicr' gus loinhir ina ciabh mar or Can see good now I turned the light on (2-1,Freepowder)O'D how do you find the wood u use in the US? same trees? close? (2-7,O'Dubhain) FP>close to the same trees (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>I need to upload a file on the similarities and the locations. Also had a message about it as well. (2-1,Freepowder)O'D > water but sometimes I wonder what their parents think when they come home singing Whiskey you're the Divil! (2-1,Freepowder)>or wild rover no more! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Just tell them uisce is Gaeilge for water and sounds like WHiskey! (2-7,O'Dubhain) Pietra>will translate later. (2-7,O'Dubhain) Folks>Gotta see a lady about some hugs! (2-17,Kenneth 23)Does anyone know of ritual use of intoxicants by the Celts, aside from alcohol? (2-1,Freepowder)I can't even find a gaelic to english dictionary here! (2-2,Pietra) all> i like the music because it strikes a chord inside. but I don't know the lingo at all (2-7,O'Dubhain) See you in the Forum; same time next week. (2-1,Freepowder)K> isn't alcohol enough? (2-2,Pietra) I think this means we get the brush-off now (2-7,O'Dubhain) Kenneth>Druids drank a lot of strange stuff. (2-9,Blood Falcon) Hi all (2-7,O'Dubhain) might post a few brews! (2-2,Pietra) S'lain o'Dub (2-7,O'Dubhain) now now Pietra. (2-1,Freepowder)thanks again O'D! (2-1,Freepowder)Slan leat! (2-17,Kenneth 23)I'd love to hear of 'em! (2-17,Kenneth 23)Slan leat, O'D! (2-7,O'Dubhain) I do have to do my gentlemanly duties you know! Slan Agat! (2-9,Blood Falcon) Bye O'D (2-7,O'Dubhain) Beannacht De' is Bande' leat! (2-17,Kenneth 23)Slan abhaile!